urllib.request.urlopen 怎样处理了服务器返回的 gzip 乱码数据
Lasted 2020-12-02 17:50:04
urlopen 函数不会自动处理服务器返回的 gzip 数据,出现类似 \x1f\x8b\x08\x00 的乱码。
Request header 中的 Accept-Encoding 属性如果为 gzip,服务器返回的是 gzip 压缩后的数据,如下所示:
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request(url)
req.add_header('Accept', '*/*')
req.add_header('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')
req.add_header('Accept-Language', 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6')
req.add_header('Cache-Control', 'max-age=0')
req.add_header('Connection', 'keep-alive')
req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.110 Safari/537.36')
f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
content = f.read()
\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\xdd=k\x8f$Wu\xdf-\xf9?Tfcyw5\xd5\xd3\xef\xee\x19\x0b\x048v\x90\x12\x92...
解压 gzip
使用 gzip 模块解压字符串,如下所示:
import urllib.request
import gzip
req = urllib.request.Request(url)
req.add_header('Accept', '*/*')
req.add_header('Accept-Encoding', 'gzip')
req.add_header('Accept-Language', 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6')
req.add_header('Cache-Control', 'max-age=0')
req.add_header('Connection', 'keep-alive')
req.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.110 Safari/537.36')
f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
# 处理 gzip 压缩的字符串
encoding = f.info().get('Content-Encoding')
if encoding == 'gzip':
content = gzip.decompress(f.read())
else:
content = f.read()